Belcourt/Ly/White "Bypassing Prescribers"
This is one entry from the TitrateLab Vendor Graveyard, a dated, primary-source archive of peptide-market shutdowns, exit scams, and enforcement actions. Documented as September 19, 2024. Sources for this entry are named inline below and numbered in full on the parent archive page.
Annals of Pharmacotherapy published a peer-reviewed study titled “Bypassing Prescribers and Pharmacists: Online Purchasing of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide ‘For Research Purposes.’” The authors conducted structured purchase tests from self-identified research-chemical vendors, analyzed the products received, and documented the regulatory and safety implications.
Why it still matters: every subsequent regulator, prosecutor, and corporate counsel leaning into this space has cited this paper. It moved the regulatory framing from “a few bad actors selling unapproved drugs” to “a structural supply chain enabling large-scale non-prescription access to GLP-1 agonists.” The 3-month gap between publication and the December 2024 FDA warning-letter wave is not coincidence.