Natural Enzyme Inhibitors Show Promise for Type II Diabetes Management by Targeting α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, and DPP-IV

Type II diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and insufficient insulin production. A key strategy for managing T2D involves controlling postprandial glucose excursions by inhibiting enzymes crucial for carbohydrate digestion and glucose metabolism. Specifically, inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is considered a vital interventional approach. Current synthetic inhibitors often have side effects, driving the search for safer, natural alternatives.

This comprehensive review systematically analyzed existing literature on natural enzyme inhibitors, aiming to highlight current gaps and future needs. The study focused on the potential application of various natural compounds, including carbohydrates, lipid compounds, phytochemicals, probiotic strains, and bioactive peptides, in inhibiting enzymes involved in Type II diabetes management. The authors completely reviewed their inhibitory effects, considering factors like assay methods, enzyme sources, and bioavailability across different studies to identify promising candidates and research priorities.

The review consistently found that phenolic compounds and polysaccharides impart significant biological potential in inhibiting key enzymes relevant to T2D. Food products fermented by probiotics also demonstrated considerable potential for diabetes control. Furthermore, peptides, liposoluble compounds, and phytochemicals play an obvious role in diabetes management, with promising results from various enzyme inhibition assays. These natural compounds suggest their potential as safer alternatives to conventional treatments for diabetes. > The results of most studies showed that phenolic compounds and polysaccharides impart significant biological potential in inhibiting enzymes, offering a promising avenue for T2D management.