Dupilumab-treated atopic dermatitis patients show increased TH1/innate cytokine activity in winter

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease primarily driven by TH2 immune responses, characterized by skin barrier dysfunction and intense pruritus. Current treatments, like the biologic dupilumab, target key TH2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 by blocking the IL-4Rα subunit, effectively reducing inflammation. However, environmental factors, particularly seasonal changes, are known to influence AD flares. This study addresses the gap in understanding how seasonal variations modulate immune pathways in AD patients, especially those already on targeted biologic therapy, to inform more nuanced management strategies.