Neutrophil-targeting NEBP-modified liposomes (N-Lip@A) delivered via respiration cut acute lung injury in mice by 52.6%.

Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is a severe condition characterized by acute onset, alveolar damage, and progressive hypoxemia, leading to high mortality and morbidity with limited treatment options. A key driver of ALI progression is the activation, adhesion, and migration of neutrophils, particularly their formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). While respiratory administration offers targeted drug delivery for ALI, challenges like short lung residence time, rapid clearance, and lack of neutrophil specificity hinder effective drug concentrations, necessitating novel delivery strategies.