Lifestyle Factors Influence IGF-1 Levels and Breast Cancer Risk in Palestinian Women

Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) is a crucial hormone involved in cell growth and proliferation, with elevated levels often linked to increased breast cancer risk. While general lifestyle factors are known to influence IGF-1 levels, the specific interplay between lifestyle, IGF-1 modulation, and breast cancer risk within the unique context of Palestinian women in the Gaza Strip remains understudied. Understanding these dynamics is vital for targeted prevention strategies in this population.

The study revealed that Palestinian women diagnosed with breast cancer exhibited significantly higher serum IGF-1 levels compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). Specifically, the mean IGF-1 concentration in the breast cancer group was 185 ng/mL, which was 35% higher than the 137 ng/mL observed in the control group. Lifestyle factors played a crucial role, with participants reporting low physical activity (less than 150 minutes per week) showing 2.1-fold higher odds of elevated IGF-1 levels (p=0.01). Conversely, adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, was associated with 18% lower IGF-1 levels and a 28% reduced risk of breast cancer (p=0.03), suggesting a protective effect. The most striking finding was that women in the highest quartile of IGF-1 levels had a 3.2-fold increased risk of breast cancer compared to those in the lowest quartile (95% CI: 2.1-4.9, p<0.001), indicating a strong, dose-dependent relationship.