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hexarelin ghrelin mimetic other 2026-04-26 EuropePMC

COVID-19 Pandemic Significantly Altered Performance and Image Enhancing Drug Use

Investigating the impact of COVID-19 on performance and image enhancing drug use

Background

The use of Performance and Image Enhancing Drugs (PIEDs), including anabolic-androgenic steroids and other substances, represents a significant public health challenge due to associated health risks. The global COVID-19 pandemic introduced unprecedented societal changes, such as gym closures, lockdowns, and increased mental health stressors, which were hypothesized to impact PIED user behavior. This study aimed to quantify and characterize the changes in PIED use patterns among individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Study Design

Population
Individuals using Performance and Image Enhancing Drugs (PIEDs) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Intervention
The COVID-19 pandemic, which introduced societal changes like gym closures, lockdowns, and increased mental health stressors.
Comparator
pre/post (pre-pandemic vs. during pandemic)
Outcome
Changes in PIED use patterns, including consumption levels, procurement methods, and motivations for use.

Results

The study revealed significant shifts in PIED use patterns during the pandemic. Approximately 38% of users reported an increase in their overall PIED consumption, while 22% reported a decrease, and 40% maintained stable use. A notable finding was the 2.5-fold increase in online purchasing of PIEDs, rising from 30% pre-pandemic to 75% during the pandemic (p<0.001). Mental health concerns, such as anxiety and depression, emerged as a primary new motivator for 65% of users who increased their intake, compared to 20% pre-pandemic. The most important finding was: > The pandemic led to a significant shift towards online procurement of PIEDs and an increase in use driven by mental health factors, indicating evolving risks for users.

Why It Matters

This research provides crucial insights into how major public health crises can influence substance use behaviors, particularly concerning PIEDs. The observed shift towards online procurement and mental health-driven use highlights new vulnerabilities and necessitates targeted harm reduction strategies. Understanding these evolving patterns is vital for public health interventions and could inform future clinical guidelines and support services for PIED users. Further research, including longitudinal studies and potential Phase II trials for novel support interventions, is warranted to address these complex changes.


hexarelin ghrelin mimetic ghrelin-receptor
Source: europepmc:epmc_PPRPPR376272 · Ingested 2026-04-26 · Digest: gemini-2.5-flash