Observational Study Aims to Correlate Melatonin Levels Across Plasma, Saliva, and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Disruptions in circadian rhythms and altered melatonin signaling are frequently observed in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's Disease (AD), potentially contributing to disease progression and symptom severity. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant and neuroprotective hormone, is primarily synthesized by the pineal gland and plays a crucial role in regulating sleep-wake cycles. While cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels are considered a direct reflection of brain melatonin, its collection is invasive. Understanding the correlation between melatonin levels in CSF, plasma, and non-invasive saliva samples could provide valuable biomarkers for disease monitoring and therapeutic guidance, addressing a significant gap in accessible diagnostic tools.

This observational study (NCT05784090) enrolled an estimated 36 participants, divided into groups of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Non-AD neurodegenerative diseases, and Controls. Researchers collected blood, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients undergoing diagnostic lumbar puncture. Saliva was collected using Salivettes in dim light, and CSF was obtained in the morning after overnight fasting. Blood samples were drawn under fasting conditions, with plasma separated by centrifugation. Melatonin levels in all three biological fluids were subsequently analyzed using an ELISA kit, with values expressed in pg/ml.

This ongoing observational study aims to establish correlations between melatonin levels across different biological fluids in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. However, as of the provided abstract, specific results, statistical analyses, or quantitative findings regarding these correlations are not yet available. The study's primary objective is to measure and compare melatonin concentrations in plasma, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid, but the outcomes of these measurements and any subsequent correlations have not been reported. The research is designed to identify potential relationships between these different matrices, which could inform future diagnostic and prognostic strategies.