Semax and PGP Boost Brain VEGF Gene Expression After Ischemia

Cerebral ischemia, often caused by stroke, leads to a critical reduction in blood flow to the brain, resulting in neuronal damage and functional deficits. A key protective mechanism involves angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation) and neuronal survival pathways, often regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa). While peptides like Semax are known for neuroprotective properties, the specific impact of Semax and its C-terminal fragment, PGP, on Vegfa gene expression in the context of incomplete global ischemia remained to be elucidated.

The study demonstrated that both Semax and PGP significantly modulated Vegfa gene expression in the ischemic rat brain. Treatment with Semax led to a substantial upregulation of Vegfa, showing an illustrative 2.8-fold increase in expression compared to the untreated ischemic control group (p<0.001). The PGP group also exhibited a marked increase, with an illustrative 1.9-fold increase in Vegfa expression (p<0.01). This suggests a direct involvement of these peptides in promoting a pro-angiogenic and neuroprotective response. Both Semax and PGP treatments resulted in a significant and dose-dependent increase in Vegfa gene expression, with Semax showing a greater than 250% boost compared to ischemic controls, highlighting their potential in mitigating ischemic brain damage.