Semaglutide Linked to Acute Pancreatitis in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes

Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is a highly effective medication for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. It works by enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon release, slowing gastric emptying, and increasing satiety. While generally well-tolerated, acute pancreatitis is a rare but serious adverse event associated with GLP-1 agonists. This case report aims to document a new instance of Semaglutide-associated acute pancreatitis, contributing vital data to pharmacovigilance efforts and informing clinical practice.

Upon presentation, laboratory tests revealed significantly elevated pancreatic enzymes: serum lipase was 1250 U/L (normal range <60 U/L) and serum amylase was 620 U/L (normal range <100 U/L). Inflammatory markers were also elevated, with C-reactive protein (CRP) at 150 mg/L (normal range <5 mg/L). An abdominal CT scan confirmed the diagnosis, showing diffuse pancreatic edema and peripancreatic fat stranding, consistent with acute pancreatitis (modified CT severity index of 2). There was no evidence of gallstones, hypertriglyceridemia, or alcohol abuse. Semaglutide was immediately discontinued, and the patient received supportive care including intravenous fluids and pain management. > The patient's severe abdominal pain and associated symptoms began to resolve within 72 hours of Semaglutide discontinuation, with a dramatic 80% reduction in serum lipase levels to 250 U/L within 5 days. Amylase levels similarly decreased by 75% to 155 U/L within the same timeframe, and CRP normalized within 7 days.